HAVING 子句
在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是,WHERE 关键字无法与聚合函数一起使用。
HAVING 子句可以让我们筛选分组后的各组数据。
SQL HAVING 语法
SQL HAVING 语法
SELECT
column_name
,
aggregate_function
(
column_name
)
FROM
table_name
WHERE
column_name
operator
value
GROUP
BY
column_name
HAVING
aggregate_function
(
column_name
)
operator
value
;
演示数据库
在本教程中,我们将使用 VOIDME 样本数据库。
下面是选自 "Websites" 表的数据:
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA | | 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN | | 3 | 小白教程 | http://www.voidme.com/ | 4689 | CN | | 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN | | 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA | | 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
下面是 "access_log" 网站访问记录表的数据:
mysql> SELECT * FROM access_log; +-----+---------+-------+------------+ | aid | site_id | count | date | +-----+---------+-------+------------+ | 1 | 1 | 45 | 2016-05-10 | | 2 | 3 | 100 | 2016-05-13 | | 3 | 1 | 230 | 2016-05-14 | | 4 | 2 | 10 | 2016-05-14 | | 5 | 5 | 205 | 2016-05-14 | | 6 | 4 | 13 | 2016-05-15 | | 7 | 3 | 220 | 2016-05-15 | | 8 | 5 | 545 | 2016-05-16 | | 9 | 3 | 201 | 2016-05-17 | +-----+---------+-------+------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SQL HAVING 实例
现在我们想要查找总访问量大于 200 的网站。
我们使用下面的 SQL 语句:
实例
SELECT
Websites
.
name
,
Websites
.
url
,
SUM
(
access_log
.
count
)
AS
nums
FROM
(
access_log
INNER
JOIN
Websites
ON
access_log
.
site_id
=
Websites
.
id
)
GROUP
BY
Websites
.
name
HAVING
SUM
(
access_log
.
count
)
>
200
;
执行以上 SQL 输出结果如下:
现在我们想要查找总访问量大于 200 的网站,并且 alexa 排名小于 200。
我们在 SQL 语句中增加一个普通的 WHERE 子句:
实例
SELECT
Websites
.
name
,
SUM
(
access_log
.
count
)
AS
nums
FROM
Websites
INNER
JOIN
access_log
ON
Websites
.
id
=
access_log
.
site_id
WHERE
Websites
.
alexa
<
200
GROUP
BY
Websites
.
name
HAVING
SUM
(
access_log
.
count
)
>
200
;
执行以上 SQL 输出结果如下: